chí khổ
Definition
- Adjective:
- Extremely miserable; profoundly wretched; in a state of utmost suffering or hardship: Describes a condition of intense and deep-seated unhappiness, distress, or poverty.
Usage Examples
- Adjective:
- Gia đình họ rơi vào cảnh chí khổ sau trận lụt. (Their family fell into an extremely miserable situation after the flood.)
- Câu chuyện kể về một kiếp người chí khổ. (The story tells of a profoundly wretched human life.)
- Bức tranh miêu tả sự chí khổ của người nông dân. (The painting depicts the utmost hardship of the farmers.)
Advanced Usage
"sống trong cảnh chí khổ": to live in a state of extreme misery.
- Hàng nghìn người đang sống trong cảnh chí khổ vì chiến tranh. (Thousands of people are living in a state of extreme misery because of the war.)
"kiếp người chí khổ": a wretched/destitute human existence.
- Nhân vật chính phải trải qua một kiếp người chí khổ. (The main character had to endure a wretched human existence.)
Variants and Related Words
Khổ (adj): miserable, hard, suffering. (A root word, less intense than "chí khổ").
- Cuộc sống khổ cực. (A hard life.)
Cực khổ (adj): arduous, full of hardship. (Emphasizes physical toil and difficulty).
- Lao động cực khổ. (Arduous labor.)
Thống khổ (adj): agonizing, painful (often emotional or physical pain).
- Nỗi đau thống khổ. (Agonizing pain.)
Synonyms
- Cùng khổ: destitute, impoverished.
- Khốn khổ: wretched, pitiful.
- Đau khổ: sorrowful, grieved (focuses on emotional pain).
- Bần cùng: poverty-stricken, in abject poverty.
Notes on Usage
- "Chí khổ" is a literary and somewhat formal term. It conveys a stronger, more profound degree of suffering than common words like "khổ" or "cực khổ".
- It often describes a prolonged, deeply ingrained state of misery affecting one's entire life or situation, not just a temporary difficulty.
- It is frequently used in historical, literary, or descriptive contexts to evoke strong empathy.